Literature During The Harlem Renaissance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1558 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Renaissance Essay Did you like this example? Literature During the Harlem Renaissance In all my life, I have never been free. I have never been able to do anything with freedom, except in the field of my writing. Langston Hughes During World War I, many job opportunities became available in northern factories so, African Americans ventured from the rural southern states to urban northeast cities such as Chicago, New York, and Detroit. They did this in order to obtain more profitable jobs but, mainly to escape Jim Crow segregation which was less extreme in the north. This movement, better known as the Great Migration, led six million African Americans to a fresh start and new racial identity, one apart from slaveryrs grip on the South. Primarily, these individuals met their destination point in Harlem, New York, the heart of what would be referred to as the New Negro Movement or the Harlem Renaissance. The Harlem Renaissance marked the first time in American history in which the white population noted the cultural presence of African Americans and offered modernized ways of understanding African Americans by encouraging people to participate in various forms of art, enabling them to express themselves, becaus e expression was one pathway that led to freedom. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literature During The Harlem Renaissance" essay for you Create order The Harlem Renaissance, a movement of the 1920s and early 1930s, was headed by the the Great Migration of African Americans to Harlem, New York. Due to the influx of African Americans, this neighborhood became the core of the golden age in black culture that was embodied through literature, music, dance, and art. This time highlighted an era of celebration and pride of a culture that was disgraced for many years and allowed all cultural groups to pay attention to the feelings that consumed African Americans regarding their past and what their culture has to offer. The expression of these topics through diverse mediums displayed a balance between the horrors African Americans had endured as well as the victories they had achieved, while providing insight on feelings towards not only the Harlem Renaissance but, the converging historical time periods of the Great Migration, Jazz Age, and Great Depression. This time period allowed the exposure of many black intellectuals such as Langston Hughes and Jacob Lawrence, who were just a few of the brave voices of this movement. Langston Hughes was one of the most famous poets and influential thinkers of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes, born in Missouri but raised mainly in Kansas by his grandmother who had once been enslaved, developed a deep admiration for those, like his grandmother, who were what he referred to as low-down folks or poor people who had a strong sense of pride and emotion regarding black culture. Hughes briefly attended Columbia University in 1921, during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, where he dropped out and became a prominent voice in Harlem. Hughes held his strong sense of racial pride through his literary works and portrayed the concerns of the black community by promoting equality, celebrating African American culture, and denounced racism and transgressions towards blacks. In addition to this, his works were also shaped by the movement due to his love for the popular pastime of jazz music and his incorporation of this in the rhythms of his poetry and the parallel between the way in which jazz freed itself from traditional musical forms and the freeing nature of his works. Not only did the time period influence Langston Hughes works, but Hughes himself influenced other aspiring storytellers such as Jacob Lawrence. Jacob Lawrence was an American artist that illustrated the various subjects relating to the time period but, focused on the story of the Great Migration, depicting the struggles faced by African Americans on the road to freedom. Lawrence was born in New Jersey but, came from a family who originated in South Carolina and Virginia that migrated north in hopes of economic opportunity. At the age of thirteen, Lawrence moved to Harlem where he attended art classes at the Harlem Art Workshop in New York Public Libraryrs 135th Street Branch. Due to it being near impossible for African Americans to attend typical art academies, Harlem provided education for African Americans striving to fulfill such a profession. Despite his ability to attend an art academy, Lawrence came from poverty so, he developed a strong work ethic that was highlighted in his later works regarding his theme of social protest of the civil rights movement and his beliefs regarding African Americans and their participatio n in the workfield. In addition, despite financial hardships, Lawrencers mother placed high regard in the upkeep of a beautiful home which attributed to Lawrencers eye for art and visual relationships. Lawrence portrayed his experiences in Harlem and the aspiring lives of African Americans. Lawrence also provided a view of the poverty, crime, police brutality, and racial issues of Harlem in a more sarcastic manner. Throughout his career, Lawrence was exposed to the various African American artists that influenced his work and led to collaborations such as his illustrations of the Migration Series that coincided with Langston Hughes book of poetry called One-Way Ticket. The Great Migration was an important topic in Langston Hughes poetry and specifically in his poem titled One-Way Ticket. In this poem, Hughes explicitly identifies the poemrs correlation to history by stating, I pick up my life; And take it with me; And I put it down in; Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, Scranton; Any place that is North and East (Hughes, One-Way Ticket 1-6). By reading this, the reader can understand the reference of the Great Migration and the movement of African Americans in order to escape southern oppression as he repeatedly states Any place that is North and East- And not Dixie Any place that is North and West- And not South (Hughes, One-Way Ticket 6-7, 12-14), indicating the movement north in order to stay away from the south. After this, he explicates his feelings towards what is occurring in the south and gives reason behind the desire to move northward by saying, I am fed up; With Jim Crow laws; People who are cruel; And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are scared o f me; And me of them (Hughes, One-Way Ticket 15-21). This line specifically shows Hughes bitterness and pain regarding the fear of black people by whites and the horrible past events that occurred such as lynching, shedding light on the subject while instilling the wrongness of the situation to all of his readers. Hughes ends the poem by explaining the significance of moving north saying, I pick up my life; And take it away; On a one-way ticket- Gone up North, Gone our West, Gone! (Hughes, One-Way Ticket 22-27). By stating this, Hughes demonstrates the permanentness of the situation and the fact that African Americans were forced to leave their lives behind to start anew. In addition to this, he finishes the poem by repeating the word gone in order to, again, show that he is fed up with the treatment of blacks and is moving to regain control over his life. This poem highlighting the Harlem Renaissance was illustrated by Jacob Lawrence in his piece also titled One-Way Ticket. Jacob Lawrence illustrated many poems by Langston Hughes, one of which being One-Way Ticket. While overall, Lawrence used many colors in his drawings and paintings to indicate the feelings the art was intended to invoke, in this drawing, his choice of utilizing colors of black and white illustrate the overall mood of the seriousness and hardship that African Americans faced during the Great Migration. This drawing correlates to Hughes poem in the sense of the gloomy scene of having to pick up oners life due to mistreatment and oppression. As seen in the drawing, people of all ages and families are sitting around on what seems to be boxes or luggage. Lawrence employs repeated overlapping of shapes and people in order to indicate the unity of the movement. In addition, he enlarges specific features, such as the hands and feet of certain individuals to demonstrate the hardships and hardworking nature of the lives, experiences, and maltreatment of the African Americans. Overall, Lawrence composed powerful images by simultaneously using perspective and flatness in order to create effective representations of the dense, multi-faceted poems of Langston Hughes. While this is just one piece of the greater story depicted by the book of poetry titled One-Way Ticket, the overall combination of images and poetry in a visual narrative, renders the story of the journey of African Americans in seeking a better life. The Great Migration, the movement of African Americans to the north for job opportunities and better treatment, brought a flow of individuals to the city of Harlem, New York, where African American ancestral practices, principles, culture, and religion flourished. The movement to this city, the mecca of black culture, led into the Harlem Renaissance where African Americans were able to shape their culture and create outlets for their peers to understand the horrors of their past and reflect on their new, blossoming culture. In this environment, individuals such as Langston Hughes and Jacob Lawrence were able to show their inspiration, pain, and feelings regarding the various social issues pertaining to African Americans. Whether it be in collaboration or individually, Hughes and Lawrence managed to share their stories by taking advantage of their one route to freedom, expression in both poetry and art.

Themes in Mircea Eliades The Sacred and the Profane

Mircea Eliade’s The Sacred and the Profane analyzes a wide variety of components that are found within various world religions. Eliade uses the history of religion to support his ideas as the the book itself is a brief introduction to religion as a whole, particulary the religions of primitive societies. Nonetheless, when looking to the past one can see that mankind’s desire to associate itself with the sacred has been occuring for thousands of years. From temples to passages of intiation, religious man is a unique microcosm that follows and repeats the structure of the religious macrocosm, the creation of the cosmos. One can conclude that Eliade views religion as the â€Å"paradigmatic solution for every existential crisis.† (p210) and†¦show more content†¦The participation in these events and overall repetition enforces the religious content and provides an optimistic vision of existence and eventual transcendence for the participant. It provides a bre ak from a temporal and profane duration of time and into a sacred time of importance and meaning for a religion and its followers. Religious experience then would fall into the personal realm of man himself and how he perceives the world around him. Nature provides a chief component in primitive religious man’s view of the cosmos and his gods. The sky houses the gods, remote although it may be, natural phenomenon such as thunder and rain gave primitive and early religious man the reasoning to place his gods above him in the intangible heavens as such natural occurrences were due in part to the supernatural beings dwelling in the skies. Alongside the sky, the observation of the transition of the moon and sun (night and day) signify death and rebirth. Water too plays a symbolic part in human experience and although it has a powerful capability to destroy life, it also reiterates the cosmogonic cycle, especially with the practice of baptism where water renews life. (p132) Earth itself is also linked to the human experience of child birth with females. The idea of a â€Å"Terra Mater† or mother earth (p138) symbolizes the idea of the earth reproducing its vegetation-based life in comparison to the experience of mother giving birth of her children. Physiological acts such as theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Western World2220 Words   |  9 Pagesphilosopher of religion, Mircea Eliade. Eliade, in his work The Sacred and The Profane: The Nature of Religion, postulates that for modern men to truly understand religion, they must remove themselves from contemporary society and enter the world of the â€Å"archaic.† Eliade posits that archaic peoples divide their world into two planes of existence, that of the sacred and the profane. The profane is that which is mundane, ordinary, everyday, fragile, and unexceptional, while the sacred is that which is supernaturalRead MoreIslamic Terrorism and the Attack of September 11 Essay3155 Words   |  13 Pagesthe unlikely U.S. target, needs a post-modern lens through which it can be viewed. With this in mind I will discuss various aspects of the current crisis in light of scholarly methods of investigation in the field of religion and myth. Certain themes have emerged within the warring points of view as this drama unfolds. There is the blurring of the distinction between Islam as a religion and the acts of terrorism that have occurred on the political stage. It is being blurred in both directions

Productions and Operations Management

Question: Discuss about theProductions and Operations Management. Answer: Introduction: Every business organization intends to set up their firm position in the entire market by providing the best quality products and services to the customers with an aim of increasing the sales values and achieving maximum amount of profit (Anupindi et al., 2011). Hence it is of utmost importance that the organizations must take care and look after all their operations and activities so that they can be able to accomplish their goals and withstand all their challenges effectively and fruitfully. This particular essay will throw spotlight upon the production and operations of Hawkesbury Cabinets. Also the study will entail the effects of new builders kitchen line on the company and the broader organizational issues caused by those operational problems. Main Body of the Analysis In this particular case scenario, it has been observed that Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd designs and manufactures beautiful and attractive custom-built kitchen cabinetry. By the effective intervention and involvement of the siblings Fung and Mei Chen, the company has attained enough success and reputation in the overall market. Mei is a qualified interior designer while Fung is a master cabinetmaker. Initially the company aimed at fulfilling all the needs of the growing Chinese community at Hawkesbury (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra, 2013). With the passage of time, Fung has taken up the position of a production and operations manager. On the other hand, Mei had adopted the role of a general manager and looked up the financial operations and all the other functionalities. There was a considerable and convenient distribution of the managerial duties and responsibilities between the two of them. Current Production Systems and Processes used at Hawkesbury Cabinets Pvt Ltd The company Hawkesbury Cabinets had emphasised widely on the designing of custom-based kitchens. As stated by Hill and Hill (2012).a strong customer base had been gathered by the company where the customers consult with Mei and demand for a unique well designed kitchen cabinet. With the growth of the companys reputation and success, Brown, Bessant and Lamming (2013) opined that low volume contracts had also been signed by the company to provide the small spec builders with a supreme quality and standardised kitchen cabinetry. These client builders had imposed stringent delivery requirements. According to the builders contracts, limited range of kitchen cabinets were being manufactured or produced by the company in small batches. A range of one to five kitchen cabinets with similar designs and specifications were being produced by Hawkesbury Cabinets. Very soon, the demand for the standardised kitchens had increased to 40% volume and 25% of revenue (Slack Brandon-Jones and Johnston, 2 013).From the concerned case study, it has been reviewed that the company Hawkesbury Cabinets operated single manufacturing facility where they supplied both the custom and standardised kitchen cabinets. Various types of equipments are being grouped together in the factory of the company. The production of the kitchen cabinets is done by involving several optimum quality general purpose machineries so as to ensure flexibility in the designing of the kitchen cabinets and execution of the entire production process (Goodal et al, 2011). The cutting tables and the saws are being kept in one section while the routers and the shapers are assembled in the other section. The other less required machineries and lathes are being kept away from the production area in a separate section so that those can be brought in whenever required. Moreover, cutting edges, painting and the finishing of the ordered kitchen cabinets are being done is other separate areas at the rear position of the facility which are environmentally controlled. Analysing these current production systems and processes, Schroeder, Goldstein and Rungtusanatham, (2011) has assessed and evaluated that the finished products of Hawk esbury Cabinets are of superior quality and the company also promises to the customers that the consumption of their cabinets will uplift their esteem and lifestyles to a wide extent. Khanna, (2015) stated that the cabinets produced are all well decorated, designed, smooth edged and properly shaped which reflect the quality of the materials used to manufacture these and the skills and abilities of the cabinetmakers. Hence from the analysis, it is quite clear that the operations of the company are quite sound and proficient enough to sustain its position successfully in the market. Effects of the New Builders kitchen line on Hawkesbury Cabinets Operations As per the review of the operations and production systems of Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd, it has been understood that the new builders kitchen line had proved to be quite beneficial and fruitful for the company during the past few years. According to the opinions of Slack (2015), the sales of the kitchen line of the new builders had increased to a great considerable extent which, in turn, had resulted in the acquirement of a good and favourable amount of profit and revenue in the market. These led the company to gain more regular scheduling of this particular work. But it has also been perceived that the custom kitchen cabinetry had been given more importance and priority during preparing the scheduling trade-offs (Bozarth and Handfield, 2016). This is because the company could not deny that extensive amount of profits were earned from the sale of the custom designed kitchen cabinets. Thus more scheduled standard kitchen cabinet components were being left idle around the plant in the several stages of completion (Karlsson, 2010). As a matter of fact, the volume of work had increased which led the workers into serious trouble. Due to the excessive work load and urgent deadlines, the spacious manufacturing area of the company had been blocked up completely and the workers also faced difficulties to keep an effective pace of work. This had resulted in the increase of the partially completed works in the factory. Effects of the Move to Produce Builders kitchens Might have on the Companys Financial Structure The financial aspects of the company Hawkesbury Cabinets were looked upon by Mei Chen. It was a much pleasant view for Mei to note that the company was growing. In accordance with Sharma (2010), the companys balance sheet at the end of each month or each year showed miraculous progress as the sale values of the custom kitchen cabinets as well as the new builders line were increasing day by day. But Peng and Lai (2012) reviewed that along with this progress, the accountant of the company has argued that the profit margins were not the same or close to what was expected by them. As per the operations and production of the company, the profit margins should have reached the heights which were not in real. The cash outflows were increasing due to the rise of the costs related with the new builders line (Chase, 2012). Enough capital had been spent for the raw materials inventory, work in progress and also the finished goods which were quite troublesome for the company. This capital was be ing invested from the revenue obtained by them which led to the decrease in their estimated profit level. Moreover, since the volume of inventory had increased, warehouse spaces had to be given on rent (Agus and Shukri Hajinoor, 2012). The current operation processes were creating a limit to the manufacturing capacity and as such, no extra space had been kept free for the plant expansion. This had affected the financial structure of Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd widely. Conclusion The overall analysis depicted the current production and operations processes of the Hawkesbury Cabinets and how Fung and Mei had managed the organizational activities effectively. It has been perceived that the company had attained success by supplying both the custom cabinets and standardised cabinets. But as the work load increased, the workers faced issues for completing their work and as a result the spacious area of the factory got filled up with several incomplete works (Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). The sale of the custom based kitchen cabinets was strong as usual but the new builders line was constantly increasing which caused problems for the labour force to accomplish and meet the deadlines with utmost efficacy. Moreover, the sale values and profit margins were also affected as the company had to spend enough capital from their earned revenue in storing raw materials and also in the entire work process to meet the demands of the new builders line. Thus the relative co sts were rising and on this account the anticipated profit margin fell widely. In this essay, the production and operations management of the company along with its issues have been broadly discussed. References Agus, A. and Shukri Hajinoor, M., 2012. Lean production supply chain management as driver towards enhancing product quality and business performance: Case study of manufacturing companies in Malaysia.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,29(1), pp.92-121. Anupindi, R., Chopra, S., Deshmukh, S.D., Van Mieghem, J.A. and Zemel, E., 2011. Managing business process flows: principles of operations management. Pearson Higher Ed. Bozarth, C.B. and Handfield, R.B., 2016.Introduction to operations and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013. Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, J., 2012. Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Goodale, J.C., Kuratko, D.F., Hornsby, J.S. and Covin, J.G., 2011. Operations management and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating effect of operations control on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurial activity in relation to innovation performance. Journal of Operations Management, 29(1), pp.116-127. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012. Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Karlsson, C. ed., 2010. Researching operations management. Routledge. Khanna, R.B., 2015. Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Parry, G., Mills, J. and Turner, C., 2010. Lean competence: integration of theories in operations management practice. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 15(3), pp.216-226. Peng, D.X. and Lai, F., 2012. Using partial least squares in operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of past research.Journal of Operations Management,30(6), pp.467-480. Schroeder, R.G., Goldstein, S.M. and Rungtusanatham, M.J., 2011. Operations management. Sharma, V. (2010).Production management. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. Slack, N., 2015.Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2013. Operations management. Subramanian, N. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. A review of applications of Analytic Hierarchy Process in operations management.International Journal of Production Economics,138(2), pp.215-241.

W.E.B. Du Bois and Mary Wollstonecraft free essay sample

An examination of the different styles and techniques of writing. An examination of the different writing styles and techniques of writers: W.E.B. Du Bois and Mary Wollstonecraft. The author examines their presentations and techniques in gaining audience attention and portraying a convincing argument, and the way these differed according to the time these authors wrote. The author makes reference to various novels such as: Wollstonecraft?s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Du Bois?s The Souls of Black Folk. When addressing an audience, the writers choice of words, style and the manner in which his or her presentation is executed are critical. They are the key elements to gaining the audiences attention and not only maintaining it, but also convincing them that the argument, which you are making, is worthy. Both Wollstonecraft and Du Bois had brilliant strategies geared toward gaining the attention and approval of their audiences. We will write a custom essay sample on W.E.B. Du Bois and Mary Wollstonecraft or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although Wollstonecraft wrote for an audience of British men in 1792 and Du Bois for white American men in 1903, they shared a common use of literary wording and usage of speech. Aside from sharing similar writing characteristics they also shared other attributes as well. In Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Du Boiss The Souls of Black Folk they both have a particular goal in mind, which they hope to achieve by their writings; a goal that if successful, would create a revelation in the way of living for both women and black folk. Wollstonecraft and Du Bois are both fighting, one for the rights of women and the other for the rights of Blacks, but in actuality they are fighting for the same goal. They want equality among all, not just women or Blacks, but for society as a whole.

Many People Have Contributed To The Cruel Treatment Of Human Essays

Many people have contributed to the cruel treatment of human beings, specifically Jews, in Nazi Germany during the second World War. This is a report on the damage carried out by some of the Nazi criminals working under the rule of Adolf Hitler. Many people contributed in Hitler's attempt to carry out his 'Final Solution'. Among these people are Ernst Roehm, Joseph Goebbels, Adolf Himmler, and Hermann Wilhelm Goering. While I discuss how they partook in World War Two, keep in mind their actions will, and have, left a mark on the world forever. Little is known about Ernst Roehm's childhood. He was a quiet boy who never went looking for trouble and didn't express hatred towards anyone, mostly because his parents were Libertarians and never paid attention to the politics in Germany's heartland. In college, Hitler's ideas and notions had a strong impact on Roehm's personality. Though Roehm never graduated, he joined the Free Corps, a group of soldiers dedicated to changing injustices in the German government. After a while, Roehm started to grow tired of the Free Corp's non- violent style, and he was tempted to be more of an activist in government reform. Hitler, looking to recruit fellow officers in his plan, then in it's infancy, liked Roehm's strong presence and personality. Roehm, jobless and nowhere to go, joined Hitler's office. After Hitler was elected into office some years later, he split his dictatorship into different divisions. Roehm, being one of the original officers, was chosen as head of the Sturmabteilung, or SA, commonly referred to as the Brownshirts and storm-troopers. By 1932, the Brownshirts had reached more than 400,000 members. All types of men who Hitler saw fit enough to join were members. Among them were ex-Free Corps soldiers like Roehm, students who weren't able to find jobs, shopkeepers who went out of business or weren't profitable enough, the unemployed, uneducated, and common criminals. As you can see, they were a very diverse bunch. Roehm had full power over where they demonstrated and protested. What was their cause? None really. They were merely an idea of Hitler's to spread his popularity, as well as the Nazi Party's. They roamed the streets of Munich, often drunk, singing racist stanzas from songs, beating anyone they thought, judging just from appearance who they thought was a Jew or a Communist. Roehm screamed to the marching storm-troopers, "We will brawl our way to greatness." He enjoyed violence for it's own sake, and he is quoted as saying to reporters after they burned down a kosher diner, in which he also had the left side of his nose shot off, "Since I am an immature and wicked man, war and unrest appeal to me more than order." In one incident, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Goering, heads of other Nazi divisions, jealous of Roehm and the rest of the Brownshirt's public popularity, even though they had more power internally, conspired against Roehm and the storm-troopers. They forged letters and documents to Hitler in Roehm's name, in which confessions of high treason were written. Many members of the storm-troopers were executed. When Hitler himself came to partake in the executions, they started screaming "Heil Hitler", the salute to Hitler. Hitler realized that the documents had been forged, and let the rest, including Roehm go free. Hitler and the storm-troopers never found out who had written them. Another incident of a much greater magnitude was 'the night of long knives', on June 30, 1934. Hitler cut off relations with all his fellow branches except the SS. He let most of them all go, except members of the storm-troopers. They were all executed, and Roehm insisted that Hitler kill him. He felt any other person to kill him would be considered unfaithful to Hitler and an undignified death. Hitler killed him and in all of World War Two Ernst Roehm remained the only person to ever die by Hitler's bullets. Another henchman of Hitler's, Joseph Goebbels, born in 1897, in Rheydt, Germany and the son of peasants, probably had the most effect on Germany's society and public life. A childhood bone disease stunted his growth, so he didn't grow more than 5 feet and he walked with a limp. His actions are well documented since he kept a diary of almost everything in his political life. Thin-faced and slender, before working for Hitler, he was a successful playwright of scripts about political satire. He was the man who convinced Hitler to run for President of Germany on February 22, 1933, against Paul von Hindenburg, the president at the time, in an eventual successful campaign. After

Salary Negotiation Tactics for College Students

Salary Negotiation Tactics for College Students Your education was a valuable investment. You need to walk the walk in order to leverage it and get the salary you deserve. If you have never had a career before, it can be intimidating to negotiate your pay with potential employers. Do your homework, then go for the gold with these negotiation tactics that are sure to help you establish a pay rate you are comfortable with. Research Salaries Within the Company If it is at all possible to find out how much other people within the organization are making, do so. Find out as much as you can about any positions similar to yours and the experience, if you can, of the workers doing the job. Sometimes this part can be tricky since financial information can be considered a personal confidential matter. Sometimes you can find tax information about the organization and nothing more. If this is the case, just use it as food for thought as you find out more about what you’re worth. You can potentially compare this to other similar companies and make educated guesses about what’s reasonable. Look Up Salary Averages in Your Local and Regional Area Within your job description, you should be able to find salary averages, both in your city and in your region. This is where comparing company profits might come in handy. For example, if you are applying for a position at a company that is on the lower end of the profit scale, you shouldn’t ask for the same salary as the highest average in your area. In that case, you should ask for less. Make Sure You’ve Come Across as an Exceptional Candidate If you’re at this point in the game, you already know this company likes you, but have you completely wowed them? Do something that will set the stage for your negotiation, making you stand out from all other candidates, and show your employer that they do not want you slipping through their fingers. This is the key to leverage showing up as your best self and making sure that has been recognized. You don’t achieve this by being arrogant, but you don’t get it by being mousy either. Try to find a problem the organization is facing, knows they are facing, and solve it for them. Service is the best way to add value to any situation. Expand the Proposal Beyond Monetary Compensation Do not forget to consider benefits such as a healthcare package, vacation time, window office, new phone, work from home days, expense accounts for travel, etc. You can’t be too creative with this, but do stay reasonable. For whatever you are asking, you should include reasons, in your proposal, why the items would help you do your job. Use Facts in Your Negotiation Once you have all the facts, write them down in a way that is clear, conceptual, and never demanding. Employers will want to see exactly how you came up with your proposed rate, especially since you have no prior experience. Answer any questions they might have before they ask, especially why you might want the amount you’re asking for. Then, continue revising your proposal as many times as you need to feel great about it. Once you’ve got the right proposal, the one you feel good about (Don’t spend weeks on this, since you want it done in time to start working asap.), present it to the company in a way that you think they will feel good about. Send it to the appropriate person for review in a format that is appropriate for the company’s size and how busy the hiring staff seems. The best case scenario is to ask how they would prefer you present your proposal, whether this be in person or via email, etc. The bottom line is that you shouldn’t let the idea of negotiation intimidate you to the point of missing out on what you deserve. By doing thorough research and planning, you should find the confidence to find the salary you want and need without much stress.

Jordan Briefing Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jordan Briefing Paper - Article Example In this paper, we shall discuss various aspects of the Jordan culture which will enlighten us about this country’s social, economic, religious and political scenario. Elements of Traditional Arab Culture observed in Jordan Jordan has various elements of the traditional Arab culture indebted in its roots. The bulk of the population being Muslims they believe in the religion of Islam as the other Arabs. Both the social as well as political system of this region follows the extended patriarchal family structure where the Sheikh or head of the family is chosen on the basis of their lineage, wealth and the will of their personalities. According to the system, the eldest son of the Sheikh succeeds to the throne after his father’s death. Even today in Jordan, the camel breeders are considered to be on the supreme level in the society as per the traditional Arab culture. Moreover, they follow the old Arab custom of marrying a person from within the family since anyone outside t heir clan is considered to be inferior by the traditional clans. Although the Jordanians are much more liberal in their thoughts as compared to the other Arab countries, still they are very conservative regarding women’s clothing. The traditional Arab culture where women are required to cover themselves from head to toe as well as wearing of veils is still mandatory in Jordan. In addition, the practice of the separation of sexes is virtually followed in all the places in Jordan till today (Chmidt, n.d). Extent of Influence of Westernization and Modernization on Traditional Arab Culture Lot of changes has occurred in all aspects of the Jordanian society under the influence of Westernization and Modernization. Even though the Arab culture endorses the highest level of conservatism, Jordan is far more broad-minded especially where women are concerned who enjoy considerable liberty as compared to women in other Arab countries. The female gender enjoys the freedom to complete educ ation, the right to vote, to drive cars and often hold vital positions in business and politics. In the urban areas, women enjoy greater equality and freedom than in the past, though the traditional practices still dominate their lives. Furthermore, Muslims are prohibited from drinking alcohol as per Islam however it is available in most of the restaurants and pubs in Jordan. Moreover, the growing number of educated urban youths has started believing in individualism preferring to set up their own households instead of residing with their parents. This has led to the shift in the trend from extended families to nuclear households in this country. In addition, westernization has led the Jordanian youths to alienate from their traditional cultures (The Library of Congress Country Studies, 1989a). Cultural Sensitivities of the Country As we know that Jordanians are far liberal than their neighbors but they do have certain reservations which visitors needs to keep in mind when they are touring this country. They are conservative where women’s clothing is concerned; all the local women are supposed to wear attires which cover their arms, legs and hair. Though western women and tourists are not subject to so much restriction but very revealing clothes are never apposite and conventional clothing is advisable for both men and women in Amman and outside the cities. Moreover, topless bathing is barred and one piece swimsuits are recommended although two piece swimsuits can be worn at

Researching Politics and International Relations Essay

Researching Politics and International Relations - Essay Example 11) The idea is that politics is abstract in its character, with its ideologies and values, and could not be perceived by the senses. The positivist school identified this as the most important criterion in order for a field to be considered factual and, hence, measured, examined and analyzed scientifically. In addition, along with the abstract concepts such as aesthetics, political theory was relegated to the mere declarations of conflicting preferences and opinions. This perspective, however, changed with the emergence of behaviorism. Here, political science under the wider coverage of social science became scientific because of the systematic introduction of quantitative methods of analysis as the supreme methods of inquiry as well as displacement of the normative frameworks of political theorists by the development of the empirical theory. (Held, p. 13) One of the most important arguments behind this school is the Aristotelian thought that man is a social being and human activity is carried on in a social and political setting. Political science, hence, studies, â€Å"inter alia, the chief theatre in which good men must act out their lives; and in determining the design of the theatre it will of necessity take an interest in, and sets limit upon, the type of drama which may be played out there.† (Aristotle et al. p. xvii) In this regard, Held also cited the arguments of figures like Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Mary Hesse who stressed that science, as a form of human activity itself, is inescapably an interpretative endeavor, involving problems of meaning, communication and translations – variables that political science also covers. (p. 13) Finally, one turns to Lyotard’s (1984) criteria in order for politics to be considered as scientific. For him, science is a subset of learning and that it is composed of denotative statements and imposes two supplementary conditions on their

Democratisation of Balkan Countries Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Democratisation of Balkan Countries - Case Study Example As the economist argued in 1998, the instant risk to delicate Balkan peace is not so much violence but secession by minorities big enough to mull over statehood, which may irritate a new civil war as the actions in Kosovo have proved thus, maintenance of peace and solidity in the region depends on how Balkan countries treat their minorities. Partially because of these conflicts in the region and partially due to world public opinion's growing consciousness, the defense of minority civil rights became a top main concern in the post-cold war era. (Donald, 1985) This examines the evolution of democratization as an inner development and focuses mainly on the citizenship policies and supporting depiction of minorities in two Balkan states, particularly Bulgaria and Romania. The two states have enhanced their associations with minorities and with their neighbors. The outcomes in these cases represent a variety of potential and models, and thus they provide us with opportunities to stu dy democratization and cultural politics in the area. (Attila, 1998) The democratic conversion in the post-communist Balkan states creates challenges for the innovative government in the region. Similarly, they have just restored or gained their self-government and full dominion and look for to build a homogenous nation state, on the other hand, the population within their internationally known borders consists of more than one racial group, all with their own political agendas. In the face of a rising compassion towards minority issues in the world and under the eyes of global organizations, the Balkan states need to set up contemporary civic societies with the rule of law. Since the thought of democracy is now so well-liked in the earth, "there can be no go back of still and passive ethnic minorities," as Agh stated thus, multiethnic Balkan states have to set up a citizenry with political and human rights and with democratic civilization and political culture in civil society. (Emilija, 1997) The states have to make a decision who their citizens are and what kinds of human rights they will award them. Maybe some kinds of patriotism might be necessary for formation and unity of a modern state, but this should be an inclusionary 'civic' patriotism, which is well-matched with the ceremony of individual rights. The key to avoiding further conflicts is to promise equal citizenship rights and to expand a culture of broadmindedness in society. Assessment of constitutional texts and citizenship laws with their completion and judicial understanding may give a universal sympathetic of the citizenship policies of the worried states. In adding up to providing individual rights, democratization also requires credit of collective rights for all kinds of minorities there are many legal and political plans in institutionalizing a agreement democracy and in avoiding ethnic conflicts in international societies, as Arend Lijphart showed. The main subject here is how the minorities are repre sented in the parliaments. (Donald, 1985) There is a substantial discussion in the relative politics literature on whether expanded representation is good or bad in multiethnic societies. Consociation list school argues that in lieu of groups proportionally fosters the assimilation of subcultures into

Application of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms

Application of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms The Application of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms In Pediatric Nursing Practice Krista Kelly Introduction Every human being regardless of age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or physical ability will experience pain or unpleasant symptoms at some point in their lives. Pain can be defined as an unpleasant, subjective sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage (International Association for the Study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy, 2008). This definition acknowledges not only the physical nature of the pain experience, but also recognizes the psychological aspect. Pain is a highly subjective experience and can only be accurately described by the person experiencing it. According to the Registered Nurses Association of Ontario (2013), nurses have an ethical responsibility for assessing and alleviating pain using appropriate, evidence informed pain management. It also states that nurses are also obligated to advocate for change in the care plan when pain relief is inadequate. The theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) is a middle-range theory that was developed by nurses to enhance the understanding of relationships among multiple symptoms and symptom experiences to manage unpleasant symptoms through effective interventions (Lee, Vincent Finnegan, 2017). The TOUS has three major concepts that will be discussed in further detail throughout this paper. The purpose of this paper is to describe, analyze and evaluate the TOUS and its relevance to pediatric nursing practice. This paper will identify a clinical situation on a pediatric unit and will indicate how the TOUS provides direction for guiding nursing practices. Lastly, this paper will assess the utility, strengths and weaknesses of the TOUS. Description of Theory According to Smith Parker (2010), theories help guide our actions, help us reach desired results and give evidence to what has been previously achieved. Specifically, middle-range theories are abstract, yet are concrete enough that it provides a link between nursing research and practice. The middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms was introduced in 1995 as a means for incorporating existing information about a variety of symptoms (Lenz, Pugh, Milligan, Gift, Suppe, 1997). The TOUS incorporates three major components: the symptoms that a patient is undergoing, the factors that influence symptoms and that give rise to the nature of the symptoms, and the effects of the symptom experience. Each individual symptom is considered a multidimensional experience that can be measured together with other symptoms or measured independently (Lopes- Junior, de Omena Bomfim, Nascimento, Pereira-da-Silva, Garcia de Lima, 2015). Although symptoms differ from one another, they share four common domains including: duration, intensity, quality and distress. The duration of a symptom refers to the time that the symptom occurs at, or the frequency of the symptom. Intensity indicates the severity, strength or amount of the symptom being experienced by the individual. Whereas, the quality of pain can be used to describe what the symptom feels like to the individual. For instance, pain can be described as sharp, dull, achy or throbbing. Lastly, the distress domain of the symptom experience refers to the degree to which the patient is bothered by it (Lee et al., 2017). The same symptom may be unbearable to some individuals but could be much less severe to others. Thus, it is important to ask patients how much they are bothered by the symptom to gain a better understanding of how they are interpreting the experience and the meaning they associate with it (Lenz, et al.,1997). In the TOUS, there are three factors that influence each of the previously mentioned domains: physiologic factors, psychologic factors and situational factors (Lenz, Supp e, Gift, Pugh, Milligan, 1995). Physiologic factors include the normal functioning of the body systems, the presence of any pathology and the individuals energy levels. Psychologic factors incorporate the individuals mental state and their reaction to their illness. Lastly, situational factors pertain to aspects of the individuals physical and social environment that can affect their experience and reporting of symptoms. Examples of social environment include: lifestyle behaviours, social support, employment status, and access to health care services. On the contrary, physical environments can include but are not limited to variables such as noise, light, temperature and polluted air/water; all of which can influence symptoms (Lenz Pugh, 2014). According to Lenz Pugh (2014), the outcome concept in the TOUS is performance. Performance refers to the outcome or effect of the symptom experience and how it impacts the individuals functional status, cognitive functioning and physical performance. For example, certain symptoms may affect an individuals ability to perform the activities of daily living or may alter their memory, concentration or problem solving skills (Lee et al., 2017). Application to Clinical Practice The assessment and management of pain or unpleasant symptoms are essential skills while dealing with the pediatric population. With children, especially infants and toddlers who are unable to communicate, it can be extremely challenging to identify the presence of pain, which in turn makes it difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to assess pain by receiving input from the child and their parents or care givers. In the case when a child is unable to communicate, their family and caregivers should be able to advocate for suitable interventions to manage pain based on what they know about their child and the current situation (RNAO, 2013). The TOUS exemplifies a perspective that not only includes the physical domain of the human experience, but also recognizes the importance influence of psychological and situational factors, as well as their interaction on the symptom experience (Lenz Pugh, 2014). The writer was able to apply this theory in the pediatric setting while caring for an eight year-old female patient who was experiencing painful urination and abdominal pain related to a urinary tract infection. Looking at the physiological factors, this patient had a history of a fever for the past month, lower abdominal pain and a decreased appetite; otherwise her diet was classified as tolerated. Regarding the psychological factors, the patient expressed she was happy, as she was being discharged that afternoon. While the writer was taking vital signs, the patient was alert, oriented, compliant and aware of why she was in the hospital. As the writer was providing care for this patient, it was evident that there was suppo rt from her father, mother and little brother, all who provided positive words of encouragement to get well soon. The updated version of the TOUS states that symptoms can occur alone or simultaneously, thus this paper will focus on multiple symptoms experienced by the patient; painful urination and abdominal pain. The patient expressed that she experienced a burning and painful sensation while urinating and that it had been occurring for the previous four days. When asked to rate her pain on a severity scale from 0-10, she rated her pain as a 4. In regards to the distress of her symptom, she mentioned it really bothered her during the night, as she was frequently waking up with the urge to urinate. In regards to the patients performance, she was unable to fulfill her social role as a grade four student, piano student and dance student as she stayed in the hospital for five days. She was also unable to assist her mother and father in playing/ taking care of her younger brother as she was experiencing abdominal pain that restricted her from doing so. The TOUS is valuable tool for nurses as it helps collect the previously mentioned data, which in turn helps nurses individualize interventions that fit the patients needs and unique pattern of symptoms (Lenz, et al.,1997). In order to manage symptoms effectively, these nursing interventions should include the evaluation of the symptoms individually and as a whole in order to comprehend their interactions (Lopes-Junior et al., 2015). Understanding symptoms of patients is important because experiencing multiple simultaneously occurring symptoms, as opposed to one symptom can have more negative effects on patient outcomes. Ultimately, understanding these multiple symptoms can help improve clinical management of an illness or disease (Lee et al., 2017). Assessment of Overall Utility There are both strengths and weaknesses in the utility of the TOUS. The TOUS can be used to improve the understanding of the symptom experience of individuals in various scenarios and provides information that is useful for nursing interventions that can decrease, prevent or manage negative symptoms and their unpleasant effects (Lenz Pugh, 2014). However, the TOUS lacks detail that may be useful in working with a specific symptom or illness in a given clinical population, such as pediatrics. Specifically, the TOUS has focused only on subjectively perceived symptoms rather than objective observable data. Neonates, infants and toddlers or children who are cognitively impaired, are incapable of verbalizing their pain. Therefore, pain or unpleasant symptom assessment should also be based on behavioural and physiological cues rather than just subjective information. For example, an infant may display pain by frowning or clenching their jaw and crying uncontrollably. They may moan, whimpe r or have a difficult time being consoled by a parent or caregiver. Being agitated, squirmy or rigid can also be indicative of pain or unpleasant feelings in infants and should be noted (Merkel, Voepel-Lewis, Shayevitz Malviya, 1997). The TOUS does an excellent job at looking at the individual in a holistic manner, such that it considers the interactions between individuals and their environment, the multidimensionality of symptom experiences of the individual and uses a biopsychosocial approach (Lee et al., 2017). While constructing an individualistic health care plan for patients, the TOUS does not include an intervention component within the model. This may indicate that the theory is more useful for observing concepts, examining their relationships, and developing tools to measure the concepts/relationships than for developing specific interventions for particular symptoms (Lenz, et al.,1997). In the future, the theory should include suggestions for interventions on specific symptoms for health care providers to use in practice. Conclusion The purpose of this paper was to describe, analyze and evaluate the TOUS in a clinical pediatric setting and its connection to nursing practice. The uses, strengths and weaknesses of the theory were also presented. The TOUS is a middle-range theory that emphasizes the importance for nurses to understand that physiological, psychological and situational factors can influence multiple symptoms, which in turn can affect the individuals performance. It is also critical to realize that the performance outcomes can loop back to impact the symptom experience itself, as well as to alter the influencing factors (Lee et al., 2017). Overall, this theory can be applied in different settings to understand symptoms of individuals, however specific nursing interventions are currently lacking in this theory. With continued research and studies, this theory can only increase in its practicality to health care professionals and caregivers. References International Association for the Study of Pain, Subcommittee on Taxonomy. (2008). Pain terms: A list of definitions and notes on usage. Pain, 6, 249. Lee, S.E., Vincent, C., Finnegan, L. (2017). An analysis and evaluation of the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science, 40 (1), E16-E39. Lenz, E.R., Suppe, F., Gift, A.G., Pugh, L.C., Milligan, R.A. (1995). Collaborative development of middle-range nursing theories: Toward a theory of unpleasant symptoms. Advances in Nursing Science, 17 (3), 1-13. Lenz, E.R., Pugh, L.C., Milligan, R.A., Gift, A.G., Suppe, F. (1997). The middle-range theory of unpleasant symptoms: An update. Advances in Nursing Science, 19 (3), 14-27. Lenz, E.R., Pugh, L.C. (2014). The theory of unpleasant symptoms. In M. J. Smith (Ed.), Middle range theory for nursing (3rd ed.), (165-195). New York: Springer Publishing Company. Lopes- Junior, L.C., de Omena Bomfim, E., Nascimento, L.C., Pereira-da-Silva, G., Garcia de Lima, R.A. (2015). Theory of unpleasant symptoms: Support for the management of symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer. Revista gaucha Enfermagem, 36 (3), 109-112. Merkel, S.I., Voepel-Lewis, T., Shayevitz, J.R., Malviya, S. (1997). The FLACC: A behavioural scale for scoring postoperative pain in young children. Pediatric Nursing, 23 (3), 293-297. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario [RNAO]. (2013). Assessment and management of pain, third edition. Retrieved from http://rnao.ca/sites/rnao-ca/files/AssessAndManagementOfPain2014.pdf Smith, M.C., Parker, M.E. (2010). Nursing theory and the discipline or nursing. In M.E. Parker M.C. Smith (Eds.), Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice (3rd ed.), (pp.3-15). Philadelphia, PA: Davies.

Lvmh Case Study

The key question in this case is can LVMH continue to successfully manages of its different brands while making sure they are all profitable. I like the focus that the company puts on its â€Å"star brands†. Focusing on the brands that continue to grow and bring in profits will help the company stay profitable. While focusing on the star brands is a good strategy it is far from all that LVMH needs to do to be a successful conglomerate. It appears that in the fashion world human resources are the most valuable asset that a company can have, and LVMH needs to do a much better job treasuring these assets.The conglomerate damages its image and its profitability by mistreating its creative talent. The conglomerate’s image is damaged because key creative personnel, which in a sense are the face of the different brands, leave and publicize why they left which tarnishes the conglomerate’s image thus making it harder to attract the best talent in the market. The conglomer ate’s profitability is jeopardized because they lose the designers that make the products that make the companies profitable.LVMH could strengthen their relationships with the smaller companies by creating incentive programs that not only compensate based on volume of sales but incentive programs that compensate based on sales growth and maintained profitability. With this new incentive program the company would have more opportunity to recognize the Michael Kors of the company. LVMH should focus more on economies of scope. In some cases like advertising it appears the conglomerate uses its size and power to reduce the cost to the individual companies; however I feel that the conglomerate could do much more to reduce costs and increase profits for the firms.They could be using their negotiating power to force suppliers into lower prices. They should encourage the individual companies to work together and provide ideas for each other this way they can strengthen relationships among the companies and create a more unified feel for the conglomerate. Finally LVMH should make sure that they are avoiding managerialism. They need to make sure the companies that are acquired are actually valuable to the conglomerate as a whole and that they are not cannibalizing profits from one or more of the current companies.

Form of education Essay

â€Å"Education is the key to success†. Everyone knows about it. Education come in many forms, that’s why many people are speaking and writing about it, some with authority and some are ordinary. But does everyone knows the real meaning of Education? How can we say that we are already educated person if we don’t know exactly the real definition of the word Education? And how can we apply it in our daily lives? Education is a stage of such a process which develops your knowledge to learn different things or simply it is the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools. There are three forms of Education. It can be Education of Heart, Education of Norm and at last Education of Dominion. The Education of Heart tackles about the education for the perception of the Individual. While, Education of Norm is all about for the perception of the Family and lastly the Education of Dominion (Intellectual, Technical, and Physical Education) it is the education for the perfection of the Nature of Dominion. Education is the most important thing in our life. It is a gift from above which cannot be taken away from us and can bring us to the top of our dreams. Education is not only by going to school, it can happen by a lot of ways. And it is important specially for those people who can’t afford to go to school, because of their status in life. And they believed that through education, one person’s knowledge can be enhanced and improve. The greatest treasure that everyone must have is Education. It’s like planting a rice; at first you need to execute more efforts, time and skills. Then, wait for the right time to harvest. Education is an important tool that is applied in the modern world to succeed, as it lessen the challenges or obstacles which are faced in life. For some people they compared Education as a special ingredient for a cooking recipe. They’ve said that any kind of dishes will never become delicious if it doesn’t have a complete and satisfying ingredient. The foundation of the society is based on Education, since it brings social and economic prosperity. Education offers a setting in which language, tradition, culture and values of the society are developed. Education has played a major role in the modern life to all individuals in the society and also in the industrial world. Employment is based on education, as employees must have the required skills that correspond with the technology to do their different tasks. As the technology keeps improving , more and more people using it in their lives. Therefore, education grown bigger because people nowadays are learning different things from this technology. Education can mold a personality of an individual. It can help one person to further to his or her own future. A good quality education is not only choosing a good school, it’s choosing a school that can handle different attitudes of students and still can teach them the right path to be a good citizen. There’s no young and adult in education as long as you want to reach your goals and your prepared enough to fight for it. Learning is an education and experience is an education too. But sometimes learning something new can be a scary experience. Specially for those times that you have been facing your fears. But it doesn’t mean that we should be afraid to overcome our own fears and mistakes because we can learn a lot from this things and sometimes it can be our guide to become a better and more stronger one. Although we already know that education is an important thing that everyone must have, but for others it still have disadvantages. Knowledge is power; though it is widely accepted that it is essential for growth and development of an individual, but sometimes it is the reason for some discrimination. Some forms of education blindly impose ideas upon young minds instead of teaching them to think for themselves. A lot of people gathered their knowledge based in their experience for which there is no substitute. An education system is very helpful in developing and improving the quality of human life. Living in this contemporary world is very hard to succeed. That’s why it is better to have a good quality education. Education will be our open doors to attain the training and learning experiences for career opportunities that we need to fulfill in our dreams. Through education we can learn how to enhance life skills such as critical thinking skills, a healthy living lifestyle and self-confidence. It also helps to build our personality to learn how to use good manners, and having respect for others. We learn healthy and productive ways to grow into socially active adults.

Free Essays on Homosexuality

Is Homosexuality A Mental Disorder? No. All major professional mental health organizations have gone on record to affirm that Homosexuality is not a mental disorder. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association’s Board of Trustees removed homosexuality from its official diagnostic manual, The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition (DSM II). The action was taken following a review of the scientific literature and consultation with experts in the field. The experts found that homosexuality does not meet the criteria to be considered a mental illness. What causes Homosexuality/Heterosexuality/Bisexuality? No one knows what causes heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. Homosexuality was once thought to be the result of troubled family dynamics or faulty psychological development. Those assumptions are now understood to have been based on misinformation and prejudice. Currently there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality. Similarly, no specific psychosocial or family dynamic cause for homosexuality has been identified, including histories of childhood sexual abuse. Sexual abuse does not appear to be more prevalent in children who grow up to identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, than in children who identify as heterosexual. Is It Possible To Change One’s Sexual Orientation (â€Å"Reparative Therapy†)? There is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of â€Å"reparative therapy† as a treatment to change one’s sexual orientation, nor is it included in the APA’s Task Force Report, Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. More importantly, altering sexual orientation is not an appropriate goal of psychiatric treatment. Some may seek conversion to heterosexuality because of the difficulties that they encounter ... Free Essays on Homosexuality Free Essays on Homosexuality Homosexuality has been a source of constant conflict among many organizations of today’s society. Perhaps the most prominent disputes of this issue exist within the disagreement of same sex relationships from the views of society, homosexuals, the Christian church, and scientist’s biological theories. Society’s view is that homosexuals influence others; therefore, it is a chosen lifestyle. Most homosexuals believe they were born with a homosexual gene and they did not choose this lifestyle for themselves. The Christian church teaches that â€Å"homosexuality† is not God’s design for people, but believes there are ways of changing. Several scientific theories show no observations of a homosexual gene, but believe there could be certain happenings in one’s life that could change one’s sex subconsciously. Though society is a vast majority, this does not assure that its beliefs are right. In any event, society does play a major role in a homosexual's life. The view is that homosexuality is something that one does and is a chosen â€Å"lifestyle,† which can be influenced by others. People say that it is not inherited but caused by poor parenting skills. If a child is unable to form a loving relationship with the parent of the same gender, the child would take this incompleteness into adulthood, where he would seek love from another adult of the same gender. The result would then be homosexual activity (Tatchell 1). Society also believes that a person chooses his sexual lifestyle after puberty. They say when peer pressure comes into play in a teen’s high school years; individuals begin to experiment with homosexual behavior and eventually become addicted to it, thus, making it more and more natural for that individual. Natural is what homosexuality is NOT in society’s eye. Many people think homosexuality is some sort of disease that you cannot cure, and they stay clear of homosexuals for the fear of turning gay themselv... Free Essays on Homosexuality The simple explanation of homosexuality has baffled scientists, theologians, philosophers and the general public for hundreds of years. In many cultures homosexuality is looked upon as a sin or an unforgivable crime against morality, however, there are a few scattered cultures throughout the world in which homosexuality is favored or even encouraged. According to our social norm a man should be attracted to a woman and a woman should be attracted to a man, deviation from this norm creates an entirely new group of â€Å"sexual deviants† (Rollyson,23). For many decades, primarily at the beginning of this century these sexual deviants were thought of by doctors and psychologists as mentally ill individuals and were treated as such. Some underwent painful procedures to â€Å"straighten out† their brain function, others found themselves locked up in institutions heavily medicated and labeled a danger to society, still others endured a battle far worse than any treatment a doctor could prescribe the emotional torture of coming to terms with who they really were and then having to keep it locked up for fear of being found out. There are many opposing viewpoints dealing with the nature vs. nurture debate regarding homosexuality. Some ask if it comes from a variation in our genes or our physiology, from details of our personal histories, or a union of these. Is homosexuality a choice or compulsion? Can it be controlled? Truly, there is no one solid solution these questions and it has become very clear that no one single study or bit of information can clearly explain the mystery surrounding homosexuals and their feelings. Since homosexuality is now seen as â€Å"life left-handedness† many studies and debates have taken place in order to better explain this social anomaly. There is strong evidence on both sides of the debate however, due to the conservative nature of our culture the argument that homosexuality is unnatural and is very much b... Free Essays on Homosexuality Homosexuality By: Desiree Shone What exactly is a homosexual? It is a person sexually attracted to a person of their own sex. Why do people become homosexuals? This is a question that has been asked ever since the first homosexual person "came out of the closet." People do not choose to become homosexuals. There has never been a proven theory of why people become homosexuals. There are three theories that try to explain why people become homosexuals, they are: the Biological theory, Psychiatric theory, and the Sociological theory.(Thio, 211) The Biological theory is broken down into three different parts. The first one is the hormone theory which states that homosexual men have a low level of male sex hormones and a homosexual female have a low level of female sex hormones.(IBID, 211) the second one is the genetic theory. The genetic theory states that people are born gay and society only helps their homosexuality advance. Researchers announced that there is even a "gay gene".(Nardo, 66) The last Biological theory is the brain theory. The brain theory states that a person who has a smaller brain is most likely going to be gay.(Thio, 211) The Psychiatric theory has evolved through many different thoughts about what is homosexuality. At first, psychiatrists thought that it was a mental illness. After it was proven not to be an illness many assumed that homosexuals were going through sexual orientation disturbance. Psychiatrists helped gays to accept themselves as being homosexuals. Another psychiatric theory was that homosexuals had a bad parent-son relationship when they were growing up.(IBID) The last theories are the Sociological theories. Sociological theories state that society affects a person's sexual preference. The biological predisposition says that some people are more likely to become gay when they are born than other people.(IBID, 212) The socializing process states that children will decide their sexuality from contact... Free Essays on Homosexuality Is Homosexuality A Mental Disorder? No. All major professional mental health organizations have gone on record to affirm that Homosexuality is not a mental disorder. In 1973 the American Psychiatric Association’s Board of Trustees removed homosexuality from its official diagnostic manual, The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition (DSM II). The action was taken following a review of the scientific literature and consultation with experts in the field. The experts found that homosexuality does not meet the criteria to be considered a mental illness. What causes Homosexuality/Heterosexuality/Bisexuality? No one knows what causes heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. Homosexuality was once thought to be the result of troubled family dynamics or faulty psychological development. Those assumptions are now understood to have been based on misinformation and prejudice. Currently there is a renewed interest in searching for biological etiologies for homosexuality. However, to date there are no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for homosexuality. Similarly, no specific psychosocial or family dynamic cause for homosexuality has been identified, including histories of childhood sexual abuse. Sexual abuse does not appear to be more prevalent in children who grow up to identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, than in children who identify as heterosexual. Is It Possible To Change One’s Sexual Orientation (â€Å"Reparative Therapy†)? There is no published scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of â€Å"reparative therapy† as a treatment to change one’s sexual orientation, nor is it included in the APA’s Task Force Report, Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. More importantly, altering sexual orientation is not an appropriate goal of psychiatric treatment. Some may seek conversion to heterosexuality because of the difficulties that they encounter ... Free Essays on Homosexuality Homosexuality within the Church: An Issue of Religious Liberty The Argument If one were to ask your stance on homosexuality within the Christian church and your reasoning behind your views, how would you answer them? I find that most Christians I have talked with take a rather conservative, traditional view and base their beliefs upon a few key passages in the Bible - I Corinthians 6:9-10; Ephesians 5:3-5; Colossians 3:5-6; Jude 5-7 and about a dozen more. The basic problem with limiting your view to these various scriptures is that homosexuals who claim to be Christians use these same passages in defense. Many claim that these passages have been translated incorrectly from their original texts (Hebrew and Greek). An exhaustive study by Pastor Ken Coulter which has been published by Logos Ministries under the title Dispelling the Myth, attempts to prove that throughout the centuries the translations of the original texts have been incorrect. For example, I Corinthians 6:9 is translat ed in the New King James Version as follows: Do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived. Neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor homosexuals, nor sodomites.... The Greek words malakos arsenokoitai are translated into the modern word homosexual in this particular translation. However, Coulter makes the statement that malakos has a double meaning. The first of which means "softness," the second describes a character flaw which he translates as meaning "weak willed" or "easily beguiled." Arsenokoitai has been translated several different ways. Coulter says that the true meaning is a mystery, but that it could mean a "male prostitute who takes an active role." He also claims that there were many other words in the Greek that the apostle Paul could have used to make his meaning clearer if he was referring to homosexuality. What Coulter doesn't say is that Paul's meaning was not lost on the audience...

Cures and Strategies for Senioritis

Cures and Strategies for Senioritis You may have first experienced senioritis that strange funk and apathy you feel your senior year, where all you can think about is getting out of school in high school. Senioritis in college, however, can be just as bad, if not worse. And the consequences can be more permanent and severe. Fortunately, there are several ways you can conquer your senioritis and turn your senior year of college into one of great fun and great memories. Take a Class Just for Fun Your first year or two, you were probably taking your prereqs. Then you focused on taking classes in your major. If you have the time in your schedule, try taking a class just for fun. It can be on a topic you always wanted to learn more about (Modernist Poetry?) or something you think will help you in your post-college life (Marketing 101?). Just go for a class that appeals to you because its interesting, not because of what it can add to your already rigorous courseload. Let your mind enjoy the class for what it is, not because you have to be there. Take a Class Pass/Fail This option is often underused by many college students. If you take a class pass/fail, you can relax a bit on your grade. You can focus on other things and reduce a little bit of stress on yourself. Talk to your professor, your advisor, and/or the registrar about what your options are. Do Something in the Arts Did you always want to learn how to paint? Play the flute? Learn modern dance? Let yourself splurge a little and indulge in a desire youve kept hidden until now. After all, after you graduate, taking fun classes like these is going to be much more difficult. Letting yourself do something just for fun, and because it fulfills a creative desire, can be incredibly rewarding and a great cure for the boredom and routine that might be coming from your other classes. Do Something Off Campus Chances are youve been in a little bubble on your campus for several years. Look past the campus walls and see how you can help the surrounding community a little. Can you volunteer in a womens shelter? Help at a homeless organization? Pass out food to the hungry on Sundays? Giving back to the community can really help you gain your perspective, will help improve the community around you, and can re-energize your mind and heart. Additionally, getting off campus at least once a week can do your body good. Challenge Yourself to Try Something New Every Week Chances are, youre feeling apathetic and suffering from senioritis because your life is very routine. Fortunately, youre on a campus where new and exciting things are happening all the time. Challenge yourself and some friends, if you can to try something new every week on campus. Go to a cultural dinner for a kind of food youve never tried before. Go listen to a speaker talking about a topic you could learn a little more about. Attend a film screening for a movie you might have otherwise passed on. Make a New College Memory Every Week Look back at your time in college. Sure, the things youve learned and your in-class education has been important. But just as important can be the memories youve made with other people along the way. Aim to pack as many as you can into your senior year. Try new things, grab some friends, and see what memories you can make with each other. Take a Mini-vacations with Your Friends or Romantic Partner Youre in college now and practically (if not actually) an independent adult. You can rent a hotel room, travel on your own, and go where you want to go  when you want to go there. So book a mini-vacation with some friends or with your romantic partner. It doesnt have to be far, but it should be fun. Escape for the weekend and let yourself enjoy life away from school for a few days. Even if youre tight on money, there are tons of student travel discounts you can use along the way. Do Something Physically Active Feeling apathetic can manifest itself physically. Challenge yourself to do something physical, like take an exercise class at the campus gym or join an intramural sports team. Youll improve your physical health, be able to work your stress out and increase your energy. (Not to mention, of course, that youll tone up and feel more confident!) Mentor a First-year Student It can be easy, during your senior year, to forget all that youve learned and what it was like as a new student on campus. Additionally, it can be easy to forget how fortunate you are to make it through not everyone who starts their first year makes it all the way through to their senior year. Consider mentoring a first-year student in an on-campus mentoring program. Youll regain some perspective, realize how well-off you have it, and help someone else out along the way. Start a Freelance Business Online The news is full of tiny start-ups that start in college residence halls everywhere. Consider what skills you have, what youre good at, and what you like to do. Setting up a website that advertises your services is easy and doesnt cost much money. Youll gain energy as you focus on a new project, maybe earn some extra cash, and get some experience (if not clientele) that you can use after you graduate.

Case Study - Provide a network solution Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

- Provide a network solution - Case Study Example This of course will see the need for other subsidiary components such as routers, network interface cards, and custom-made software that will facilitate the smooth operation of the overall network. Because these changes on Alpha Omega Industries are likely to bring up high set up costs, cloud computing is recommended as method that will help in cutting down the cost of set up on the system. Cloud computing involves the use of resource required by the system whereby this resources are obtained through hosted services found in the internet. This will help Alpha Omega Industries concentrate more on other developmental projects rather than spend a lot of time and resources in setting up the infrastructure ( Zhang, 2005). In short, cloud computing will enable Alpha Omega Industries outsource most of its hardware and software services. It will also allow Alpha Omega industries’ applications performing faster due to less traffic as compared to an Ethernet network. This will see the c ompany reduce its maintenance cost and facilitate the rapid adjustment of its IT infrastructure depending on the ever-changing industry demands (Barreiros, 2010). In order to implement cloud computing to its operations, Alpha Technologies will have to use the cloud facility as on demand software otherwise known as Software as a service(SaaS), whereby the providers of this service will demand a subscription fee from Alpha Omega Industries. This is of economic essence because as Ross writes, cloud-computing enables a business to allocated funds that would otherwise be used as operation costs, in accomplishing other IT objectives (Zhang, 2010). Due to the sensitive nature of data that might be stored in the file servers of Alpha Omega Industries, a hybrid cloud is the most recommended platform for the company. The hybrid cloud incorporates both local and cloud storage. The high hybrid cloud part of storage will run within the corporate firewall and will only be accessible to the firmâ €™s branches in Miami, Florida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Frankfurt, Germany, Dubai, UAE, and Shanghai, China whereby they will access files remotely through a network to an object based storage. For this case, the private cloud will be under the control of the IT department. File Servers and File Sharing For the file servers, Alpha Omega Industries will incorporate the use of a hybrid cloud file server, which is a multiuser user system, which will have features such as file locking, activity auditing for the purpose of security and file locking. It will be achieved through storing archived data in the cloud storage and maintaining customer information in the in house fie storage servers (Barreiros, 2010). This will enable the organization take advantage of the cost effectiveness and scalability facilitated by this approach of storage. The most appropriate public cloud storage facility for Alpha Omega Technologies industries would be Amazon Simple Storage facility (Amazon s3). A c loud storage gateway will be necessary for the purpose of incorporating the hybrid cloud as it will make the cloud appear as a local storage device thereby making it possible to perform any necessary protocol translation. The hybrid cloud platform will enable the organization’s divisions share files in a more efficient and streamlined manner. It will be implemented through synchronizing of files in the main file server storage and the hybrid cloud giving regard to

Project Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project Management - Research Paper Example The process of project risk analysis is a subjective assessment that is based on the probability of failure to realize the set project objectives within the given time framework and resources allocated (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). The risk can occur during the inception, development, and finishing or implementation stage of the project. Briargrove must therefore consider performing an in-depth risk analysis in order to unearth the possible challenges that may hinder the success of the information system development, for the placement of necessary measures to ensure that the project is a success (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). The information development project involves three types of risks, that is, known risks, known risks with unknown consequences, and known risks. Known risks are well known to the project development team members and have a high probability of occurrence. ... Unclear definition of project goals, as from the start of the project, is likely to hinder the success of the project in the long run (Cox, 2009). There is a possible risk in poor definition of the project size, which is likely to take the project in the wrong direction and interfere with the time limit. The project plan must be clearly defined for clarity and scheduling within the specified time limit. Risks can be either internal or external, with internal risks being dependent on the team members, project nature, and available resources, whereas external risks entail legal or political influence of the project (Cox, 2009). Briargrove development team must be well aware of the current economic trends in budgeting for the project to ensure that the available resources are well allocated and evenly distributed throughout the project life cycle (Cox, 2009). Poor budgeting and resource allocation is fatal to the project in the case where the resources diminish before the project is com pleted, and there is lack of alternative source of money and other resources (Cox, 2009). The development tools to be used in the system development must be well-known to each of the development team members, and hence the selection of the team members must be a representation of diverse experience levels in the information development life cycle, which reduces the chances of project failure (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). Briargrove development team members must choose and agree on a suitable size and the complexity of the project for proper uninterrupted development cycle, which eliminates the possibility of time limit expiry that may require an addition of more time and resources (Durkovic & Rakovic, 2009). Briargrove must also identify probable hazards, potentially harmful phenomena or

Expando manufacturers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expando manufacturers - Essay Example The situation was that the Expando Co. in State A received a wide variety of general subsidies from the State A government (including tax breaks, low interest financing, and technical assistance) that State A offers to all domestic enterprises within its territory. It is important to keep in mind that these breaks are offered in domestic situations. However, Expando manufactures began to market their wristwatch bands in State B and when this occurred the disagreement began.. The Flexo Co. in State B manufactures similar watchbands to those manufactured and marketed by Expando. Flexo Co. began to lose some of its market share to Expando and they became concerned over the loss. State A and State B are both WTO member states. While the market loss for Flexo ensued, there were some further issues that Flexo to take into consideration. Included was Their desire that State B impose a countervailing duty to offset the subsidies received by Expando from State A, and Flexo asked the State B Customs Service (which is responsible for imposing such duties) to do so. the reason that the question the question at hand was answered yes is because of the codes stipulating international business conduct for WTO members. According to these laws specifically Countervailing Duty Laws.

Capitalism V. Communism Essay Example for Free

Capitalism V. Communism Essay As the feudal system in Europe began crumbling with the dawn of the Industrial Revolution a void was created in the European social and economic structure, Scottish philosopher Adam Smith took it upon himself to fill this void and in 1776 published The Wealth of Nations; just as Newtons Principia Mathematica laid the foundation for modern physics so to did Adams work lay the foundation for modern economics. For the next 70 years Adams doctrine went unchallenged until Karl Marx presented his rebuttal in the Communist Manifesto. Capitalism as envisioned by Smith called for complete private control of the economy, and a small government that practiced a hands off policy. Such a system, Smith believed, would allow for the greatest amount of wealth, and as a byproduct would benefit the majority of the citizens. Capitalism quickly became the economic standard in the British Empire and post-revolutionary France and America, as well as in Germany and the Scandinavian countries as they industrialized. This switch in economic philosophy would result in an unprecedented shift in western society from chiefly agrarian to mostly urban, from feudal lords to corporate tycoons, and from frugality to consumerism. Under capitalism people for the first time in history could, on a large-scale, improve their economic and societal status through hard work and perseverance. Under this system someone like Andrew Carnegie the son of a weaver could through intelligence and determination found a corporate empire. Capitalism was and is by no means perfect, as is evident by the vast separation of wealth it creates, in America today for example according to the University of California at Santa Cruz, the top twenty percent of Americans control 85 percent of the countrys wealth. This obvious economic inequality is the greatest shortcoming of capitalism, and the primary reason for the creation of communism. Under communism the government controls every aspect of the economy and society. Communism calls for a classless society in which there is no private property and citizens work for the good of the state rather than their personal well being. The few examples of pure communist countries North Korea, Cuba, China under Zedong, and the USSR under Stalin that have been created were or still are dysfunctional states. They are characterized  by violent oppression, famines and the rise of dictators. On a smaller scale though communism has proved quite successful, a hundred and fifty years before Marx coined the term early religious sects in America, namely the Puritans and later on the Mormons, had perfected small scale communism. These settlers worked not for themselves but for the community, and proved that such a society could govern effectively. Communism at its core calls for the people to sacrifice individuality and work for the benefit of the state rather than for their personal well being. Capitalism on the other hand is focused on working for individual growth, and personal ownership to provide wealth for ones self. Communism places the economy in governments hands, while capitalism removes the government from the economy entirely. Communism sets direct demands on the work you do and what you need to produce, so others can benefit as well as you from your hard work. Communism asks the government to decide what is needed for each individual to live and be equal. The government tells the community what demands need to be meets to produce and distribute enough materials equally. Capitalism depends on supply and demand instead of quotas, in order to make sure there is not too much or too little of certain products. If there is not enough of a product wanted then the price will rise, which will in turn cause production to increase. Once there is more than enough of that product on the market, the demand will begin to drop, resulting in the price and production to drop and so on. Capitalism creates a system where peoples first concern is themselves, rather than the others, making things a personal investment instead of community investment. Communism is built on the idea that humans are inherently just, and as such will work not just for themselves, but for their countrymen as well. Capitalism is built on the idea that humans are inherently greedy and self-promoting, which will in turn lead to a great importance being placed on attaining wealth. Capitalism calls for freedom at the expense of equality while communism calls for equality and neglects liberty. Communism with its drive towards collectivization, and a classless society, clashes with the very principle that western democracies are based on individuality. Neither capitalism nor communism is ever going to be perfect for a nation, but a system that  rewards hard work and self-determination will always outdo a system that calls for dependence and mediocrity. Communism Marxism The Communist Manifesto. All About Philosophy. 9 Oct. 2008 . Capitalism. The European Enlightenment Glossary. 10 Oct. 2008 .

A & P - John Updike :: essays research papers

Sammy vs. the Grocery Store In the story, â€Å"A & P†, John Updike differentiates the views of Sammy and the store with many eye-catching techniques. By presenting the store as the antagonist, the reader gains Sammy sense of view about things through his close detail and humor of situations. Well before the dramatic opportunity presents itself for Sammy to quit his job, his narrative voice has established his individualism, imagination and his subversive sense of humor that already set him at odds with his jobs dull routine. The three girls entering the store in bathing suits and â€Å"walking against the usual traffic† coming down the aisle symbolize Sammy’s individualism. Because of the girl’s different appearance from the usual shoppers in A & P, Sammy couldn’t help but stare. This type of dress was not part of the â€Å"A & P policy† especially since â€Å"the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or something before they get out of the car into the street†. An example of Sammy’s imagination is exemplified through his description of the other shoppers in A & P. Sammy refers to the shoppers as â€Å"sheep† twice in the story. Once as he views the customers continuing to push their carts down the aisle only glancing slightly at the girls and continuing to shop. Sammy â€Å"bets you could set off dynamite in an A & P and the people would by large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The second time is when the girls go to the check out lane and Lengel starts to explain the policy. â€Å"All this while, the customers had been showing up with their carts but, you know sheep, seeing a scene, they had all bunched up on Stokesie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sammy’s narration of the lady at the front counter presents an example of his defiant sense of humor. The phrases â€Å"a witch about fifty† and â€Å"if she’d been born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem† demonstrates the intolerance Sammy has developed toward the â€Å"A & P policy†. The song Sammy hears by the register as he rings up a purchase represents his oddity from his jobs dull routine. A & P - John Updike :: essays research papers Sammy vs. the Grocery Store In the story, â€Å"A & P†, John Updike differentiates the views of Sammy and the store with many eye-catching techniques. By presenting the store as the antagonist, the reader gains Sammy sense of view about things through his close detail and humor of situations. Well before the dramatic opportunity presents itself for Sammy to quit his job, his narrative voice has established his individualism, imagination and his subversive sense of humor that already set him at odds with his jobs dull routine. The three girls entering the store in bathing suits and â€Å"walking against the usual traffic† coming down the aisle symbolize Sammy’s individualism. Because of the girl’s different appearance from the usual shoppers in A & P, Sammy couldn’t help but stare. This type of dress was not part of the â€Å"A & P policy† especially since â€Å"the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or something before they get out of the car into the street†. An example of Sammy’s imagination is exemplified through his description of the other shoppers in A & P. Sammy refers to the shoppers as â€Å"sheep† twice in the story. Once as he views the customers continuing to push their carts down the aisle only glancing slightly at the girls and continuing to shop. Sammy â€Å"bets you could set off dynamite in an A & P and the people would by large keep reaching and checking oatmeal off their lists and muttering†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The second time is when the girls go to the check out lane and Lengel starts to explain the policy. â€Å"All this while, the customers had been showing up with their carts but, you know sheep, seeing a scene, they had all bunched up on Stokesie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sammy’s narration of the lady at the front counter presents an example of his defiant sense of humor. The phrases â€Å"a witch about fifty† and â€Å"if she’d been born at the right time they would have burned her over in Salem† demonstrates the intolerance Sammy has developed toward the â€Å"A & P policy†. The song Sammy hears by the register as he rings up a purchase represents his oddity from his jobs dull routine.